gù 顾

Gu Kaizhi (341–402) Styled Changkang and also known as Hutou, he was from Wuxi in the Jin Dynasty. He was erudite and talented, especially proficient in painting, and was known for his three excellences: talent, artistry, and innocence. He often painted portraits of people, as well as immortals, Buddha images, animals, and landscapes. When painting people, he paid special attention to depicting the eyes. He wrote treatises on painting, such as "On Painting", "Praise of Eminent Figures of the Wei and Jin Dynasties", and "Notes on Painting Yuntai Mountain". Among his extant works, "Admonitions of the Instructress to the Palace Ladies" is the most famous. His painting of Vimalakirti was the earliest Buddha image to appear on a mural. Gu Yanwu (1613–1681) Originally named Jiang, styled Ningren, and known as Mr. Tinglin, he also self - styled Jiangshanyong. He was a scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He was from Julin Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu. He was upright and participated in anti - Qing activities. In his later years, he focused on textual research when studying the classics, initiating the trend of evidential learning in the Qing Dynasty. He made revisions to ancient pronunciations, analyzed the "Tang Rhyming Dictionary", and divided ancient rhymes into ten categories. He played a transitional role in analyzing the origin of phonology and the classification of ancient rhymes. His works include "Record of Daily Knowledge" and "A Compilation of Local Conditions and Problems of the Empire".