Migration and Distribution: (Missing information) The Long surname is not ranked among the top 100 surnames in both the Chinese mainland and Taiwan. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a place called Longyi in the State of Lu. People living there took the place name as their surname, thus forming the Long clan. Historically, there were people with the Long surname in the Xiongnu tribe, a northern ethnic minority group.

### Migration and Distribution During the Song Dynasty, the population of the Long surname was approximately 40,000, accounting for about 0.05% of the total national population and ranking after the 200th place. In the national distribution, it was mainly concentrated in Sichuan, Jiangxi, and Anhui. These three provinces accounted for about 87% of the total Long - surname population. Secondly, it was distributed in Henan, Zhejiang and other provinces. Sichuan was the province with the largest Long - surname population, housing 32% of the total Long - surname population. Nationally, two major clusters of Long - surname population emerged: one in western Sichuan and the other in eastern Jiangxi and Anhui. During the Ming Dynasty, the population of the Long surname was about more than 120,000, accounting for about 0.13% of the total national population and ranking after the 120th place. The net growth rate of the national population from the Song and Yuan Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty over 600 years was 20%. The population growth rate of the Long surname exceeded the national population growth rate, which was related to the addition of the Long surname from other ethnic groups in the southwest. In the national distribution, it was mainly concentrated in Jiangxi and Hunan. These two provinces accounted for about 71% of the total Long - surname population. Secondly, it was distributed in Hubei and Guangxi, and these two provinces concentrated another 14% of the Long - surname population. The Long - surname population in Jiangxi accounted for about 44% of the total Long - surname population, making Jiangxi the province with the largest Long - surname population. Nationally, a cluster of Long - surname population centered around Jiangxi emerged, covering Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, and Guangxi. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the overall distribution pattern of the Long surname changed significantly. The population flow shifted from the north and west to the southeast. The Long - surname population in Sichuan and Henan decreased sharply and migrated to Hunan and Jiangxi respectively. Currently, the population of the Long surname is nearly 2.8 million, ranking as the 80th most common surname in the country and accounting for about 0.22% of the total national population. From the Ming Dynasty to the present, over 600 years, the Long - surname population has soared from 120,000 to 2.8 million, a growth of more than 23 times. The growth rate of the Long - surname population is much higher than the national population growth rate, which is related to the sinicization of the Long - surname ethnic minorities in the southwest. Over the past 1000 years since the Song Dynasty, the growth rate of the Long - surname population has been on the rise. Currently, the national distribution is mainly concentrated in Guizhou, Hunan, and Sichuan. These three provinces account for about 58% of the total Long - surname population. Secondly, it is distributed in Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Chongqing. These five provincial - level administrative regions account for another 30% of the Long - surname population. Guizhou houses 26% of the total Long - surname population, making it the province with the largest Long - surname population. Nationally, two major clusters of Long - surname population centered around Guizhou emerged: one including Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Chongqing; the other including Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, and Guangxi. In the past 600 years, the mainstream of the Long - surname population migration has been from the southeast to the west and southwest, and the population center of gravity has shifted from the southeast to the west. The frequency distribution map of the Long surname in the population shows that in Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi, most parts of Chongqing, the northwest of Guangdong, and the south of Yunnan, the Long surname generally accounts for more than 0.6% of the local population, and can reach up to 1.7% in the central areas. The above - mentioned areas cover about 9.8% of the total national land area and house about 49% of the Long - surname population. In most parts of Sichuan and Yunnan, the northern part of Chongqing, most parts of Hubei, Jiangxi, and Guangdong, Hainan, the western part of Fujian, the southwest of Anhui, the southern end of Shaanxi and Gansu, and the connected areas of Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, the Long surname generally accounts for between 0.2% and 0.6% of the local population. The area covered accounts for about 17% of the total national land area and houses about 34% of the Long - surname population.