wēn 温

### Migration and Distribution The Wen surname, originating from Henan, had a branch that migrated to the Qilian Mountains in Gansu at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty and integrated into the ancient Kangju State. Some who failed to cross the Congling Mountains remained in southern Xinjiang and established the Wensu State (now Wensu County). In the early Western Han Dynasty, Wen Jie, the Marquis Xun (a descendant of Wen Ji), had a son named Ren. Ren's son, Wen He, moved to Qixian, Taiyuan (southeast of present - day Qixian County, Shanxi Province). Since then, the descendants of the Wen surname took Taiyuan as the center of reproduction and gradually formed the Taiyuan Junwang (a prestigious clan) of the Wen surname. In the fourth year of Yuankang (66 BC), a commoner in Chang'an applied to the emperor for an imperial edict, ordering Wen He's grandson, Wen Fu, to return to his hometown. Later, the Wen surname gradually spread to Qinghe and Zaoqiang in Hebei, as well as Dongping, Gaotang, Linqing and Wucheng in Shandong, and developed into the Pingyuan and Qinghe Junwang of the Wen surname. During the Yongjia Disturbance in the Jin Dynasty, the Wen surname migrated southward along with the Jin royal family. Wen Qiao, a native of Qixian, Taiyuan and a secretary of Liu Kun, moved south and guarded Hongcheng (now Nanchang, Jiangxi Province) after the migration, and his descendants settled there. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Wen Jiulang, a descendant, fled to southern Fujian to avoid the Huang Chao Uprising. In addition, Wen Shangjian, the 140th - generation descendant of the Wen surname, moved from Luoyang, Henan to Zaojiaoshui, Shicheng, Jiangxi to settle down. His great - grandson, Nangao, moved from Shicheng to the Bibi Township in Ninghua, Fujian. Nangao's second son, Jin, was named Tongbao, and his descendants were distributed in Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. Therefore, the Wen surname in these three places mostly respects Tongbao as the great ancestor. At this time, Wen Houzong, the governor of Qianzhou, moved to Fujian, and his descendants branched out to Qingliu, Changting, Shicheng and Longyan. During the Song Dynasty, De Dai, the eldest son of Yuanqiu (a descendant of Houzong), and De Kun, the second son, moved to Xingning, Guangdong. De Ming, the third son, moved to Xingguo, Jiangxi, and De Liang, the fourth son, moved to Shanghang and Liancheng. At the end of the Song Dynasty, the descendants of Wen Jiulang branched out and entered eastern Guangdong again. Duke Liulang moved to Meixian and became the founding ancestor of Songyuan Township; Duke Guihe became the founding ancestor of Wuhua; Duke Liangbin became the founding ancestor of Xiaoyong Township in Meixian. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Wen surname was one of the surnames of the migrants from Hongtong Big Sophora Tree and was resettled in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places. During the Jiajing period, Nian Sanlang moved from Ninghua to Lianjiang, Guangdong. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Wen surname had spread across the country, and some even crossed the sea to Taiwan and spread overseas. Today, the Wen surname is widely distributed across the country, especially in Guangdong, where it accounts for about 29% of the Han Wen population in the country. The Wen surname ranks 114th among the surnames in contemporary China, with a relatively large population, accounting for about 0.14% of the Han population in the country.