zhuāng 庄

### Migration and Distribution In the pre-Qin era, the Zhuang surname had spread to various places. At that time, there were Zhuang Bao and Zhuang Jia in the State of Qi, Zhuang Xi in the State of Yue, Zhuang Bao, Zhuang Qiao, Zhuang Xin, and Zhuang Shan in the State of Chu, and Zhuang Zhou from Meng in the State of Song. These historical facts indicate that there were traces of people with the Zhuang surname living in Qi (now Shandong Province), Chu (now Hubei Province), Yue (now Zhejiang Province), and Meng in the State of Song (the area between present-day Henan and Anhui Provinces). According to "Historical Records: Biography of the Southwest Barbarians", Zhuang Qiao (also known as Zhuang Hao), a descendant of King Zhuang, led an army to the west of Bashu and Qianzhong, all the way to Dian (near present-day Dianchi Lake in Yunnan Province). Since Qianzhong was occupied by the State of Qin and there was no way back, Zhuang Qiao declared himself king in Dian. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the people of Dian began to submit to the Han Dynasty, and the then king of Dian led his family to Yizhou (now Chengdu, Sichuan Province). This shows that the Zhuang surname had spread to the southwestern regions of Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan in the pre-Qin era. During the period between the Qin and Han Dynasties, Hubei and Henan remained the centers of the Zhuang surname's reproduction. At this time, Zhuang Qingzhai entered the court as the prime minister, and Zhuang Ji from Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) was an outstanding representative of the Zhuang surname. During the reign of Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty, because the emperor's name was Liu Zhuang, people with the Zhuang surname had to change it to Yan as a form of taboo. Starting from Zhuang Guang (later renamed Yan Guang), the Zhuang surname was overshadowed by the Yan surname for a long time. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, some people with the Yan surname restored their original Zhuang surname, and since then, the Zhuang and Yan surnames have coexisted throughout the country. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the descendants of the Zhuang surname scattered from Hubei and Henan to various places. They successively moved to Tianshui in Gansu, Shaoxing in Zhejiang, and the area between Shandong and Jiangsu, and later developed into the Tianshui, Kuaiji, and Donghai prefecture lineages of the Zhuang surname. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Zhuang Sen, a native of Gushi, Guangzhou, Henan (the nephew of Wang Chao), followed Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi into Fujian and settled in Penglai Mountain, Taoyuanli, Yongchun. He is regarded as the ancestor of the Zhuang surname in Fujian. At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhuang Zhao, a descendant of Zhuang Wei, the eldest son of Zhuang Sen, moved to Shangsha Township, Lufeng, Guangdong to start a new settlement. After the fourth - son Zhuang Jia, Zhuang Yuanji, the eighth - generation descendant in Fujian, became the ancestor of the Taoyuan Jinxiu branch. There were also descendants such as Zhuang Zhe who moved to Tong'an, and Zhuang Zhe's younger brother Zhuang Guang who moved to Chaoyang. The eldest son of Zhuang Yuanji was named Yi, and his great - great - grandson Zhuang Yousun moved to Qingyang to start a new settlement. The third son was named Hui, and his great - great - grandson Zhuang Tong moved to Yuntou Township, Huian to start a new settlement. The fourth son was Zhuang Xia, and his grandson Zhuang Miyuan moved to Chao'an to start a new settlement. Miyuan's great - great - grandson Zhuang Caiweng moved to Tong'an to start a new settlement. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, people with the Zhuang surname from Shanxi were among the migrants from Hongdong Big Sophora Tree. They were resettled in Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Beijing and other places. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, among the Zhuang people who crossed the sea to Taiwan, most were from the lineage of Zhuang Sanlang in Nanjing. Among them, Zhuang Datian, the leader of a peasant uprising army, moved from Pinghe, Zhangzhou, Fujian to Zhugaogangzhuang, Fengshan (now the seat of Kaohsiung County) in Taiwan. Some Zhuang people also migrated to Southeast Asian countries such as Singapore. Today, the Zhuang surname is widely distributed across the country, especially in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Taiwan. The Zhuang people in these four provinces account for about 60% of the Han Zhuang population in the country. The Zhuang surname ranks 138th among Chinese surnames today, with a relatively large population, accounting for about 0.093% of the Han population in the country.