qiáo 乔

### Migration and Distribution The Qiao surname originated from the burial place of Emperor Huangdi in Shaanxi Province. In the Western Han Dynasty, Qiao Xuan, a native of Suiyang, reached the position of Grand Commandant. His sixth-generation grandson, Qiao Qin, followed Emperor Xiaowu to take refuge in the Guanzhong area at the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty and settled in Tongzhou. Additionally, according to "Qian Dai Lu", among the noble surnames of the Xiongnu, the Qiao clan roamed in the areas of Yan, Qin, and Zhao during the Warring States period. During the same era, there was Qiao Bi in the State of Lu. In the Western Han Dynasty, Qiao Ren, a native of Liang, and Yang Rong both studied "The Book of Rites" under Dai Sheng. Qiao Ren wrote 69 chapters of "Commentary on The Book of Rites" and served as the Grand Herald during the reign of Emperor Cheng. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Qiao Mao, who was the fifth-generation grandson of Qiao Xuan, served as the governor of Dong Commandery and later as the governor of Guangling. His son, Qiao Su, was the governor of Donglai. These facts indicate that before the Song Dynasty, the Qiao clan was already distributed in present-day Shaanxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, and Shanxi. There is limited historical data on the changes in the distribution of the Qiao surname. Judging from the scattered historical records, before the Song Dynasty, the Qiao clan was mainly distributed in present-day Shaanxi, Hunan, Shanxi, and Jiangxi. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, they migrated to present-day Henan, Zhejiang, and Yunnan. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, they moved to present-day Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanghai, and Hubei. Up until modern times, there are still settlements of the Qiao clan in some parts of Northeast China. According to the research results of the Institute of Genetics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Qiao surname is currently the 96th most common surname in China. Moreover, there are also overseas Chinese with the Qiao surname in countries such as Singapore.