cài 蔡

Cai Lun A native of Guiyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the courtesy name Jingzhong, he was quite talented and learned. He served as a Palace Attendant during the reign of Emperor He of Han. It is said that he used tree bark, hemp ends, rags, and fishnets to make paper, which was called Caihou Paper. Later, he was imprisoned for some reason and committed suicide. Cai Yong (132–192) With the courtesy name Bojie, he was a native of Chenliu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was erudite, proficient in writing, and skilled in astronomy, mathematics, calligraphy, painting, and the qin. He created the flying - white calligraphy style. In the fourth year of Xiping, he proposed to standardize the texts of the Six Classics, and 46 steles inscribed in official script were erected outside the Imperial Academy, known as the Xiping Stone Classics. Later, when Dong Zhuo seized power, he was continuously promoted to the Left General - in - Chief, so he was also called Cai Zhonglang. After Dong Zhuo died, he was arrested by Wang Yun and died in prison. He wrote *Duduan* and *Collected Works of Cai Zhonglang*. Cai E (1882–1916) Originally named Genyin, with the courtesy name Songpo, he was a native of Shaoyang, Hunan. He graduated from the Cavalry Department of the Japanese Army Academy. During the 1911 Revolution, he served as the military governor of Yunnan. Later, he was relieved of his military power and lived in the capital. When Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, he secretly went to Yunnan and was the first to raise troops and declare independence, naming his troops the National Protection Army. Provinces responded, and Yuan Shikai's plot failed. When Li Yuanhong succeeded as the president, Cai E was appointed as the military governor and civil administrator of Sichuan Province. Later, he died of illness in Tokyo, Japan. He compiled *Quotations on Military Governance by Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi*. Later generations compiled his works as *Collected Works of Mr. Cai Songpo*.