diāo 刁
百家姓 · Bai Jia Xing
Surname Origin
### Origin 1 It originated from the Ji surname. It comes from the Diao State, a vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty, and belongs to taking the state name as the surname. According to the historical record *Xingyuan*: "The Diao surname is from Hongnong Commandery and is derived from the Ji surname. Among the same - clan members of King Wen, there was the Diao State, which later became the Diao clan. In Qi, there was Shu Diao; in Jin, there was Diao Xie." The ancient Diao State was located in the area of Lanjiachuan, Dao Town, Ganquan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province. During the Shang Dynasty, the area was mostly inhabited by the Gui Fang ethnic group. During the reign of Emperor Wuding (Emperor Gaozong of the Shang), a large - scale war against the Gui Fang ethnic group was launched in the Yan'an area, which was recorded in the classic *Zhouyi: Jiji*: "Emperor Gaozong attacked the Gui Fang and conquered them after three years." During the period of King Wen of Zhou, he also launched large - scale attacks on the surrounding areas. Because there were many goshawks (ospreys) in the Yan'an area, it was called "Diao". After King Wu of Zhou overthrew King Zhou of Shang (around 1106 - 1104 BC to be verified), he enfeoffed one of his brothers in Diao and established the Ji - clan Diao State. At that time, the area was still occupied by the Gui Fang ethnic group. In the early Warring States period, the area south of Yan'an belonged to the domain of the Wei State, and the north was the territory of the Zhao State. In the eighth year of King Huiwen of Qin (330 BC), Gongsun Yan, the Grand Liangzao of the Qin State, led his army to defeat the Wei army in Diao. He beheaded more than 80,000 Wei soldiers and captured Long Jia, the general of the Wei army. Because the place of Diao was north of Taichang Mountain, it was called "Diaoyin". This battle is known in history as the "Battle of Diaoyin". This battle caused the Wei State to start to decline militarily. After that, the Wei State was forced to cede the land west of the Yellow River to the Qin State, and the Yan'an area began to belong to the Qin State. ### Origin 2 It originated from occupation. It comes from the descendants of the carving artisans in ancient times and belongs to taking the occupational title as the surname. According to the historical record *Han Shu*: "The Diao surname is from the descendants of the carving artisans in the imperial workshops." The imperial workshops were the general term for all craftsmen from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Qin and Han dynasties, including six categories and thirty basic occupations. Among the descendants of the carving artisans, some took the occupational title of their ancestors as the surname and were called the Diaoren clan. Later, most of them simplified it to the single - character surname Diao, and some also took the homophone and simplified it to the Diao surname, which has been passed down from generation to generation to this day. ### Origin 3 It originated from the Ji surname. It comes from the descendants of Qi Diao Kai, a disciple of Confucius in the Spring and Autumn period, and belongs to taking the name of the ancestor as the surname. It is recorded in the classic *The Analects*: "The Master sent Qi Diao Kai to take office." Qi Diao Kai (around 540 BC -? to be verified) was a native of the State of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn period. His courtesy names were Zikai, Ziruo, and Zixiu. He was a student of Confucius. He was known for his virtue among Confucius' disciples and was the founder of the Qi Diao school of Confucianism. He once suffered unjust punishment and became disabled, but he was not discouraged. He joined Confucius' school and specialized in *The Book of Documents*. Historically, Qi Diao Kai was known for his virtue of "a brave man is not afraid", upheld justice, was upright, and advocated not to yield to others in appearance and not to avoid the enemy with his eyes. He wrote thirteen chapters of *Qi Diao Zi*. Among the descendants of Qi Diao Kai, some took the name of their ancestor as the surname and were called the Qi Diao clan. Later, they simplified it to the single - character surnames Qi, Diao, and Diao. ### Origin 4 It originated from the Jiang surname. It comes from the descendants of Shu Diao, a close minister of Duke Huan of Qi in the Spring and Autumn period, and belongs to taking the name of the ancestor as the surname. In the twelfth year of King Zhuang of Zhou (685 BC) in the Spring and Autumn period, after Duke Huan of Qi, Jiang Xiaobai, came to power, he was determined to enrich the people and strengthen the country and become the overlord among the vassal states. Therefore, he must select a group of talented people with "the ability to manage the world and the strategy to save the times" to assist him in achieving this ambitious goal. A large number of outstanding figures such as Guan Zhong, Xi Peng, and Bao Shuya emerged in this context. After the death of Duke Huan of Qi, five princes vied for the throne. Shu Diao and Yi Ya and others killed a group of officials, expelled Duke Xiao of Qi, Jiang Zhao, and established Duke Wu Gui of Qi, Jiang Wugui. The internal strife then expanded, and Shu Diao also died in this coup. It was not until the twentieth year of King Xiang of Zhou (632 BC) when Duke Zhao of Qi, Jiang Pan, ascended the throne that the internal strife caused by Shu Diao was completely quelled. However, the State of Qi also lost its status as the overlord of the Spring and Autumn period. Before Shu Diao castrated himself, he had two sons and one daughter. Later, Shu Diao's grandson took his grandfather's name as the surname and was called the Diao clan. After that, there was a clan with the Diao surname. However, the descendants changed to the homophones "Diao" and "Diao" of "Diao" as surnames to avoid the bad reputation of their ancestor, and were called the Diao and Diao clans. Some of them changed to the Ding surname in the Tang Dynasty. ### Origin 5 It was changed from the Diao surname. According to *Feng Su Tong*, there was Diao Bo in the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn period, and his descendants took the Diao surname. In ancient times, the Diao and Diao surnames were later changed to the Diao surname. According to *Ri Zhi Lu* and *Fu Gu Pian*, in ancient times, the three characters Diao, Diao, and Diao had the same pronunciation but different origins, and later they were unified as the Diao surname. ### Origin 6 It originated from the Bai Pu ethnic group. It comes from the Diao Ti State of the Bai Pu during the Zhou Dynasty and belongs to taking the state name as the surname. It is recorded in the historical record *Shan Hai Jing: Nei Nan Jing*: "The Bolv State, the Li'er State, the Diao Ti State, and the Beiqu State are all south of the Yu River. The Yu River originates from Xiangling and flows into the South China Sea. Another name is Xianglu." Huang Zuo, a Confucian scholar from Renhouli, Shiqi, Xiangshan, Guangdong in the Ming Dynasty, recorded in *Guangdong Tongzhi: Tu Jing*: "There was the Diao Ti State in ancient Hainan." The ancient Yu River refers to today's Youjiang River, Yujiang River, Xunjiang River in Guangxi, and the Xijiang River in Guangdong. There is "Yunan County" on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Xijiang River in eastern Guangxi and western Guangdong, named after the ancient Yu River. The Xijiang River flows from northwest to southeast into the Pearl River Delta and then into the South China Sea. Regarding the "Diao Ti State" south of the Yu River, some scholars believe it should be in the Pearl River Delta area at the lower reaches of the Xijiang River, while others think the Diao Ti State refers to today's Taiwan Province or today's Hainan Province. After the Qin Dynasty, with the large - scale southward migration of the Han people in the Central Plains, the Dan people gradually lost their land camps and were forced to drift on the sea all year round. Most of the Dan people were assimilated by the Han people and gradually went ashore to reclaim sand fields and became farmers. There were still some Dan people who were reluctant to give up their traditional production and way of life and adhered to the ancient tradition of "living on boats and making a living by fishing". Therefore, they were regarded as low - class "Dan people" by the Han people migrating south in history. After the Dan people were assimilated by the Han people, some took the name of their former state as the surname and were called the Diao Ti clan
Famous Story
### Diao Xian In the early Western Han Dynasty, he was from Qi (now Linzi, Zibo City, Shandong Province). He was a large industrial and commercial owner. Today, scholars list him as one of the 23 great merchants in ancient China. Diao Xian had a unique way of getting rich. People in Qi always looked down on slaves, but Diao Xian treated them especially well. He made them engage in the fish and salt business and run commercial activities, thus getting rich with a family fortune of tens of millions and becoming a wealthy man. [According to *Records of the Grand Historian - The Biographies of the Rich and Famous*: "The people in Qi despised slaves, but Diao Xian alone favored and respected them. The shrewd and tricky slaves, whom people dreaded, were taken in by Diao Xian and made to pursue the fish and salt business... Finally, he became extremely rich."] ### Diao Wei He was from Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province) and was a minister in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Huan, he served as an Imperial Censor. He had a good relationship with Chen Fan and was framed for being part of a clique and was imprisoned. Later, he was reappointed as a Gentleman of Consultation, promoted to a courtier of the尚书, and then served as the governor of Lu and Donghai Prefectures. He was upright and had outstanding strategies, and was praised everywhere he served. ### Diao Xie He was from Rao'an, Bohai. He was a minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he served as the Left - Assistant Minister of the Secretariat and the Head of the Secretariat. He participated in formulating the court's institutional regulations and was a trusted aide of Emperor Yuan. He strongly supported the imperial family and confronted the Wang family's power. Later, when Wang Dun rebelled against the Jin Dynasty, he was killed on his way to escape. ### Diao Yi He was the son of Diao Xie and a minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After the rebellion of Wang Dun was quelled, he killed the party of his father's enemies to avenge his father. He successively served as a courtier in the Ministry of Personnel, and was gradually promoted to the General of the Northern Vanguard, the governor of Xu and Yan Prefectures, and was granted the imperial order. He was stationed in Guangling. ### Diao Kui He was the son of Diao Yi, an official and a gentry landlord in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor An, he served as the governor of Guangzhou and led the General of Pacifying the South. He and his younger brothers Diao Chang and Diao Hong did not value reputation and integrity and were fond of amassing wealth. Later, he followed Huan Xuan in rebelling against the Jin Dynasty and was exterminated by Liu Yu. ### Diao Yong He was the son of Diao Chang, an official in the Northern Wei Dynasty. When Liu Yu was in power, he fled to the Later Qin and then returned to the Northern Wei. He served as the General of Establishing Righteousness and frequently fought against the Liu Song army. He was promoted to the governor of Xu and Yu Prefectures and other positions. He loved literature and was fond of learning, and had written more than a hundred poems, odes, essays, eulogies, and miscellaneous works. He was also a devout Buddhist and wrote *Teachings and Admonitions*. ### Diao Zheng He was the grandson of Diao Yong and a minister in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He had a good knowledge of history and understood music. He was generous with his money and liked to make friends with famous people, but he was greedy and lustful, which was criticized by the public. He successively served as the General Who Pacifies the South, the Palace Attendant, etc., and finally held the position of the Grand General of the Guards. ### Diao Tong He was from Shanyin (now Huai'an, Jiangsu Province) and was a general in the Yuan Dynasty. At the age of twenty, he was appointed as a Lieutenant in the Conquest of Fengyi. During the Zhiyuan period of Emperor Shizu, he fought with Prime Minister Bayan. He was extremely skilled in martial arts and made many contributions. Marshal Azhu selected Diao Tong to lead the army under his command, captured Fancheng, and pacified Zhenjiang and the Huainan area. He was promoted to the Commander - in - Chief of the Eastern Expedition and was given a gold medal. He was transferred to garrison Yangzhou and was ordered to inherit his position. ### Diao Dai He was the governor of the local area in the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, a flood dragon in the cave was causing disasters. Diao Dai carried a sharp sword into the cave and died together with the dragon. ### Diao Bao He was from Qizhou (now Shenze, Hebei Province) and was a scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He was a successful candidate in the provincial examination during the Tianqi period of the Ming Dynasty. His academic study focused on moral principles. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, he led the people to defend the city against the peasant uprising army. He had works such as *An Interpretation of the Book of Changes* and *Collected Works of Using the Six*. ### Diao Guangyin He was from Chang'an and was a painter in the Tang Dynasty. During the Tianfu period, he fled to Shu to avoid chaos. He had a noble character and made few friends. He was good at painting lake rocks, flowers, cats, rabbits, birds, and was especially skilled in painting flowers and water. He was praised as "Kong Song reached the hall, and Huang Quan entered the room." Both Kong Song and Huang Quan learned painting from him. ### Diao Yanneng He was from Shangcai and was a minister in the Later Tang Dynasty of the Five Dynasties. He lost his father when he was young and was extremely filial to his mother. He served as the governor of Fuzhou and was well - known for his good governance. ### Diao Guoqi He was from Pingyang Road (now Linfen, Shanxi Province) and was a general in the Yuan Dynasty. He became the commander of the western expedition due to his family's military merits. He was known for his firmness and determination in battles. ### Diao Zailian He was a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. He was honest and upright and never took anything unjustly. On his deathbed, he still admonished his descendants not to get rich through official positions. ### Diao Daigao He was from Cixi, Zhejiang Province and was a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. He was a student in the imperial college. He was famous for his calligraphy and poetry when he was young. Later, he had many illnesses and could not walk, but he never stopped writing poems and calligraphy. He was especially good at writing large - character calligraphy and was also proficient in phonology.
Random Names With "刁"
Exquisite in literary grace and profound in knowledge.
Fragrant as an orchid, noble and pure.
Graceful and dignified | Radiant and enchanting
Moistening all things, lively and refreshing
Soaring thousands of miles with great ambition, enjoying a moment of great glory.
Elegant and gentle, charming and tender.
With a valiant and heroic bearing, wise and resolute.
With an imposing demeanor and lofty aspirations.