hán 韩

Han Fei (? - 234 BC) One of the princes of the State of Han during the Warring States period. He was fond of the study of law and criminal theory, and his thoughts originated from the teachings of Huang-Lao. He stammered and was not good at eloquence. He and Li Si were both students of Xun Qing. He once wrote letters to remonstrate with the King of Han but was not adopted. So he was so indignant that he wrote more than fifty essays, called "Han Feizi". His articles were severe and profound, and he was regarded as the master of Legalism. Later, when the King of Qin attacked Han, the King of Han sent Han Fei to Qin as an emissary. Framed by Li Si, he was imprisoned and died. Han Xin (? - 196 BC) A native of Huaiyin. When he was young, he endured the humiliation of crawling through a young man's crotch. Later, he assisted Emperor Gaozu of Han in attacking the State of Wei, conquering the State of Zhao, surrendering the State of Yan, and defeating the State of Qi, and was named the King of Qi, then was relocated to be the King of Chu. Emperor Gaozu suspected his betrayal, feigned a meeting in Yunmeng, arrested him and sent him to Xianyang, and demoted him to the Marquis of Huaiyin. Finally, he was killed by Empress Lü. Han Yu (768 - 824) With the courtesy name Tuizhi, he was a native of Heyang in the Tang Dynasty. He was well - versed in the studies of the Six Classics and hundreds of schools, advocated Confucianism and opposed Buddhism and Taoism. His articles were unique and became a model for later generations who studied classical Chinese. He held the post of the Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. His ancestors lived in Changli, so he called himself Han Yu of Changli. After his death, he was posthumously titled Wen. In the Yuanfeng period of the Song Dynasty, he was posthumously conferred the title of the Earl of Changli, and was commonly known as "Han Changli". His disciples compiled his poems and essays into the "Collected Works of Master Changli". Han Xiangzi A grand - nephew of Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty. He was unrestrained by nature and not fond of reading. It was commonly said that he learned Taoism and became an immortal, and was one of the Eight Immortals. He once made peonies bloom in several colors in the early winter, and also made flowers bloom instantly by covering a basin with soil. Refer to Volume 19, Part 4 of "Guangdong and Plants" in "Youyang Zazu" written by Duan Chengshi in the Tang Dynasty. He was also called "Han Xiang". Han Shizhong (1089 - 1151) With the courtesy name Liangchen, he was a native of Yan'an in the Song Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, he pacified the rebellions of Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan and defeated Wushu of the Jin Dynasty in Huangtiandang. He was well - known at that time and was regarded as the first meritorious official in the restoration of the Song Dynasty. Later, because Qin Hui advocated peace, his military power was removed. Then he stopped talking about military affairs and lived in seclusion by the West Lake, calling himself the Cool and Care - free Hermit. After his death, he was posthumously titled Zhongwu. Emperor Xiaozong posthumously conferred the title of the King of Qi. Han Tuozhou (1151 - 1207) With the courtesy name Jiefu, he was a native of Anyang in the Song Dynasty and the great - grandson of Han Qi. During the reign of Emperor Ningzong, he held power for more than ten years and served as the Grand Councillor in Charge of Military Affairs. He was tyrannical and arbitrary, denounced Neo - Confucianism as a false learning, and made Zhu Xi and others convicted. Later, he wanted to make contributions to secure his position, so he launched a northern expedition against the Jin people, but finally was defeated and beheaded.