níng 宁

### Migration and Distribution The Ning clan is a typical multi-ethnic and multi-origin surname. It ranks 173rd in the current surname ranking list, with a population of approximately 873,000, accounting for about 0.055% of the total national population. The Ning clan first originated in Ningyi of the State of Wei during the Spring and Autumn Period. Soon after obtaining the surname, they became prominent and were frequently mentioned in historical records. Notable figures included Ning Yu (Ning Wuzi) and his son Ning Xiang, Ning Zhi (Ning Huizi) and his son Ning Xi (Ning Daozi), and Ning Su (Ning Zhuangzi), all of whom were high - ranking officials in the State of Wei. In addition, Ning Gui, a Wei official who was exiled to the State of Qin, led to the integration of his descendants with the collateral branches of Duke Ning of Qin in Shaanxi. Meanwhile, Ning Qi served in the State of Qi, and his descendants settled in Shandong. During the Warring States Period, there was Ning Yue, a native of Zhongmou in the State of Zhao (now in Henan), who was a tutor to King Wei of Zhou. In the Qin Dynasty, there were Ning Chang, a native of Wei (now Linzhang, Hebei), and Ning Jun, a native of Dongyang (now Tianchang, Anhui). In the Western Han Dynasty, there were Ning Shou from Kangfu in Dongping (now Jining, Shandong) and Ning Cheng from Rang in Nanyang (now Dengzhou, Henan). In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were Ning Ji from Chaoge (now Qi County, Henan) and Ning Shu from Guanghan (now in Sichuan). During the Han Dynasty, the Ning clan had already spread across the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, including present - day Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, and Shandong, and some had also entered southern provinces such as Anhui and Sichuan. During the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Ning clan flourished in present - day Jinan, Shandong. Therefore, later generations of the Ning clan used Jinan as their ancestral seat and clan hall name. Like other central - plains gentry families, the Ning clan also migrated southward to avoid chaos, reaching present - day Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and even settled in Guangxi at the southwestern tip of the motherland. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, notable figures from the Ning clan once again appeared frequently in historical records, ending the decline of the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties and bringing a new phase of development for the Ning clan. After the Song Dynasty, more members of the Ning clan migrated southward and gradually spread to Guangdong and Fujian. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Ning clan from Shanxi was among the surnames of migrants from Hongdong Big槐树. They were resettled in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, and other places. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, members of the Ning clan from Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin migrated north of the Shanhai Pass to multiply, and some from Sichuan and Guangxi moved to Yunnan and Guizhou. After Zhang Xianzhong massacred the population in Sichuan, the Ning clan from Hunan and Hubei moved to Sichuan to replenish the population. After the Kangxi and Qianlong reigns of the Qing Dynasty, members of the Ning clan from Shandong, Hebei, and Henan followed the trend of migrating to Northeast China and entered Liaoning and Jilin. Some Ning clan members from the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong settled in Taiwan, those from Shanxi moved to Inner Mongolia, and those from Shaanxi entered Gansu. Today, the Ning clan is widely distributed across the country, with a relatively large population in provinces such as Jilin, Shaanxi, Hunan, Shanxi, Hebei, and Henan.