nóng 农

Migration and Distribution (No information available) The Nong surname is not listed among the top 100 surnames in the Chinese Hundred Family Surnames in both the Chinese mainland and Taiwan. In ancient times, Emperor Yan was a well - known leader of a clan tribe. His tribe worshipped the phoenix totem and, together with the Yellow Emperor's clan that worshipped the dragon totem, was regarded as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Emperor Yan's tribe was very good at agricultural production. Their planting industry was well - developed. Since planting was more reliable than hunting and gathering, his tribe prospered. Among Emperor Yan's descendants, there was Shennong. It was said that Shennong taught people all over the world to plant crops and was highly respected and well - known. Some of Shennong's descendants took "Nong" as their surname, and thus the Nong clan was formed and passed down from generation to generation, giving rise to today's Nong surname. During the Zhou Dynasty, agricultural production occupied a more important position in social production. The imperial court specially set up an official position called "Nongzheng", which was responsible for agricultural production across the country and praying for good weather. It was a very important position. Some of the descendants of Nongzheng took the official title as their surname, which is another origin of today's Nong surname. Another branch of the Nong surname originated from the Nong clan of the Zhuang ethnic group in Guangxi during the Northern Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty was preoccupied with the wars against the Liao and Western Xia in the north and had no time to attend to the south. In the third year of Xiangfu (1010 AD), the Li Dynasty of Jiaozhi was established. Taking advantage of the laxity of the Northern Song Dynasty's southern border, the Li Dynasty of Jiaozhi occupied the land of the Zhuang ethnic group, plundered the population, and extorted property. During the Xining reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, there were wars with the Li Dynasty of Jiaozhi, and the Li Dynasty constantly invaded the coastal areas of Guangxi. Nong Zhigao rose up in resistance and established the "Dali State" in Tangyouzhou (now the eastern part of Jingxi County). The King of Jiaozhi, Li Dezheng, sent troops to suppress him. Nong Zhigao repeatedly requested to submit to the Northern Song Dynasty, but the Northern Song Dynasty ignored him in order to avoid trouble in the southern frontier. Nong Zhigao established the "Nantian State" in Andezhou (now in the territory of Jingxi County). In the fourth year of Huangyou (1052 AD), he led his troops to capture Yongzhou City (now Nanning City), proclaimed himself the "Benevolent and Gracious Emperor", changed the state title to the "Danan State", and set the reign title as Qili. Then, he led his army eastward along the Yu River. Within more than ten days, his army captured nine states along the river and reached the outskirts of Guangzhou City. The number of Nong Zhigao's troops quickly increased from 5,000 to 50,000. They besieged Guangzhou City for 57 days but failed to capture it. The Northern Song Dynasty dispatched a large army to suppress Nong Zhigao. He led his troops back to Guangxi and was defeated by Di Qing, a great general of the Song Dynasty, at Guirenpu in Kunlun Pass. The feudal rulers violently conquered the resistance struggles of the Zhuang ancestors. On the one hand, they massacred a large number of people; on the other hand, they plundered a large number of Zhuang ancestors as slaves. The survivors gradually accepted Han culture under the whip and merged into the Han ethnic group. After defeating Nong Zhigao, the Zhao - Song Dynasty carried out a genocide on the relatives of Nong's tribe and gave the people in Nong's caves surnames in the name of "liberating" them, changing them to Han surnames. To avoid the disaster of being beheaded and having their clans exterminated, some of the Zhuang people in Nong's caves changed their surname to Zhao, while others reluctantly removed the "human" radical from the character "Nong" and took "Nong" as their surname. Moreover, they also wrote in their genealogies that their ancestors came from Shandong with Di Qing. According to the genealogy of the Nong clan: "... Our ancestor was originally a descendant of the emperor. For more than two thousand years, the clan has multiplied, and there have been people living in various provinces and counties in each generation. During the Huangyou reign, there were hundreds or thousands of people with the Nong surname who followed Di Wujiang (Di Qing) to the south from Shandong... They scattered and lived in Yunnan, Guangdong, Vietnam and other places..." The Nong surname represents the authentic Zhuang ethnic group. Due to the cruel suppression of the uprising by the rulers, the descendants are still afraid to recall this historical event and dare not boldly admit that their ancestors were related to the Nong clan. (The rest is omitted.)