què 阙

### Migration and Distribution The Que surname is not listed among the top 100 surnames in the main - land of China and Taiwan. According to *Fengsu Tongyi* (General Customs), the Que surname is derived from a place name, which is the main origin of the Que family name. "Que" refers to an ancient architectural structure, usually built in front of palaces, ancestral temples, and tombs. Generally, they are symmetrical decorative buildings that can reflect the status and influence of the family. The origin of the Que clan can be traced back to King Jie of the Xia Dynasty, about 3700 years ago. All the *Que Clan Genealogies* in different regions record that "this surname is from the descendants of Guan Longfeng." Historical records show that King Jie was tyrannical and built wine pools and meat forests. Longfeng remonstrated forcefully, and King Jie imprisoned and killed him. After Longfeng's death, his descendants went through the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, gradually migrating eastward along the Yellow River from Anyi, the capital of the Xia Dynasty. In the later period of Duke Xiang of the Lu State, Bian Gong finally reached Changping Que Li in Qufu County, the State of Lu (now Que Li Street on the east side of the Confucius Temple in Qufu City, Shandong Province). The Que surname takes Bian Gong as the first generation. Bian Gong arrived in Que Li around 550 BC. In 549 BC, Confucius' mother brought the three - year - old Confucius to settle in Que Li, becoming neighbors with our clan. All the clan genealogies of the Que surname in different places recognize Que Bian as the ancestor of the Que clan, from which we can see that the surname Que is derived from a place name. After Bian Gong settled in Que Li, by the 10th generation, An Cheng was appointed as the General of Chariots and Cavalry during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty (179 - 158 BC). Because of his meritorious service in the war against the State of Chu, he was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Xiapi Yingwei, and Xiapi was bestowed as the fief of our clan. Thus, the Que clan settled in Xiapi. The site of Xiapi City in the Han Dynasty is located in the southeast of present - day Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province. The overview of the southward migration of the Que clan: In the reign of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty (190 - 219), Que Xuan of the 26th generation was appointed as the governor of Xiapi, and then moved to Tanzhou (now Changsha City, Hunan Province), bringing his family with him when taking up his post. This marked the beginning of the southward migration of the Que clan to the south of the Yangtze River. By the 52nd generation, Zhong Ren, with the courtesy name Wenshan, was from Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province. During the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, he administered the government affairs of Quanzhou and brought his family to Fujian. He is regarded as the ancestor of the Que clan who entered Fujian. During the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty, he resigned from office and lived in the west gate of Longyan City. His tomb is in Qingcaoyu in the north of the city, in the shape of "covering the sky and the earth". The great - grandson of Que Zhong Ren, Xuan Wei, served as an official in the court during the reign of Emperor Lizong. Four generations of the Que family held important positions and were known for their kindness and charity, bringing blessings to the people of Longyan. The locals respected our clan as "Half of Longyan Que". In 1260, the first year of the Jingding era of Emperor Lizong of the Southern Song Dynasty, Xuan Wei was framed by Jia Sidao. Xuan Wei, his son Ba Shi, and their family members were brutally killed in Longyan City. Ba Shi of the 56th generation, with the courtesy name Sishilang, had three wives, namely the Zhou, Huang, and You ladies. The Huang lady gave birth to two sons, Wen Fu and Wen Zheng, and the You lady gave birth to three sons, Wen Xing, Wen Yun, and Wen Xiang. Because they were young and lived at the foot of Fengtianling, they survived the disaster. The Que clan is one of the prominent families in Nangang District, Taipei City.