dōu 都

### Migration and Distribution (Information not available) The Du (都) surname is not ranked among the top 100 surnames in the Chinese mainland or Taiwan. The Du surname originated from the Ji (姬) clan, being the descendants of the Gongdu (公都) clan in the Spring and Autumn period and the descendants of Gongsun E (公孙阏), also known as Zidu (子都). In the early years of the Spring and Autumn period, there was a noble official in the State of Zheng named Gongsun E, with the courtesy name Zidu. Zidu was handsome and extremely powerful, and he was highly favored by Duke Zhuang of Zheng, which made him increasingly arrogant. Duke Zhuang had an able assistant named Ying Kao Shu. Zidu was always jealous of him and took the opportunity to shoot Ying Kao Shu with a hidden arrow. After Duke Zhuang lost his able assistant, he was extremely angry and ordered the wizard to curse the murderer. Zidu had a guilty conscience and eventually died due to extreme nervous tension. Some of Zidu's descendants took his name as their surname, which is how the Du surname came into being. After about 500 years, around 375 BC, the State of Zheng was annexed by the State of Han. Later, after major upheavals in Chinese history such as the Three Kingdoms, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Du clan spread from Shandong Province to the north and south of the country. By the Song and Ming dynasties, there were already descendants of the Du clan all over the country. For the past one or two thousand years, the Du clan has been well - known as a family of scholars, producing many people with academic achievements. The prominent branch of the Du clan lived in Liyang Commandery (now northeast of Xun County, Henan Province). Regarding the origin of the Du surname, there is also a branch from the Mongolians. They didn't have a surname originally, only official titles. Their ancestor was a man named Bilihai, whose official position was "Du Daruhuachi", the governor in charge of the local Ninghai Prefecture. According to the *Ci Hai* dictionary, "Daruhuachi" in Mongolian means "seal - holding official". It was first established in the 18th year of Genghis Khan's reign. During the Yuan Dynasty, Han people were not allowed to hold top - level official positions. All government departments, courts, and administrative regions at the provincial, prefectural, and county levels had Daruhuachi positions, which were held by Mongolians or Semu people to control real power. As also mentioned in *Jiao Zhi Shu Kao* (Volume 8 of Muping Cultural and Historical Materials), "In the early Yuan Dynasty, there was Bilihai. He died in the first year of the Zhongtong era, and his son Chaor inherited his position. After Chaor's death, his son Bulaochi inherited it. The descendants settled down there, and to this day, they have the surname Du." Since then, it has continued, and now they are the 14th or 15th - generation descendants. The Du - surname Mongolians originated from Beitou Village, Jianggezhuang Town, Muping County, Shandong Province. They are the descendants of the Mongols from the Yuan Dynasty. According to the clan genealogy, the founding ancestor of the Du clan was named Gong Bilihai. In the early Yuan Dynasty, he served as the Daruhuachi of Muping, responsible for local military and agricultural management. Later, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty bestowed the surname Du on this family. (The rest is omitted)